INTRODUCTION:

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an auto- immune disorder that primarily affects the joints, causing inflammation, pain, stiffness and swelling. It can also affect the other organs in the body. RA occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissue, particularly the synovium, which lines the joints. Overtime, this inflammation can lead to joint damage and deformities.

Parijat is the most valuable, multipurpose and multi-property medicinal plant which has almost lots of pharmacological properties. Every part of NAT plant from bottom that is, the roots to the flowering blooms, seeds, bark, leaves, flowers have their own medicinal property. It is one of the most popular holistic and traditional medicinal plant in India. Its flowers bloom at the time of night so it is often known as “Night Jasmine”. Its flowering usually starts in the month of July to October. It is still the most unexploited plant and many researches are going on.

Liquorice has about 50-100 times sweetness than sucrose in dilute aqueous solution. Its salts are also known to delay sweetness so it is called flavoring agent than sweetener. Also known to increase flavors in many products and is use in pharmaceutical to mask the bitter taste. Its roots has about 90% glycyrrhizin which is used as sweeteners most widely.

Dehydrated banana powder was ordered from online stores. It is used as a disintegrating agent in pharmaceuticals and other applications. Due to its ability to absorb moisture and swelling, it can aid in breaking down tablets and promoting their dissolution in the G.I.T. for better absorption of the active ingredients. Additionally, it is naturally obtained and is generally safe for consumption, making it a potentially attractive option for use in pharmaceutical formulations.

Hibiscus mucilage, extracted from Hibiscus plant leaves, has been explored as a natural disintegrating agent in tablet formulations. Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by plants and hibiscus mucilage contains polysaccharides and other compounds that can absorb water and swell, aiding into break up of tablets when they come into contact with water in the G.I.T. This property makes Hibiscus mucilage a promising candidate for use in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance disintegration and improve drug absorption.

MATERIAL AND METHOD:

Plant Material Collection:

Plant was selected from the surrounding college campus area and then the leaves of Parijat were collected and then dried for 10-15 days. After that the dried powder was crushed with the help of mixture and the course powder of leaves were made.

Chemical and Reagents:

Methyl cellulose, Magnesium Stearate, Talc, Lactose, HPMC, Dehydrated banana powder, Sodium alginate

Preparation of Tablets:

Powder was passed through sieve to reduce its fibrous content. Weigh the required quantity of API and Lactose and add into mortar. Add q.s. binder (1% w/v HPMC) to prepare dough. Pass the dough through coarse sieve no. 10 and dry it to form granules.

The dry granules were passed through fine sieve no. 20. Add the required quantity of Methyl cellulose, Magnesium stearate and Talc and mix it well. Weigh according to the quantity required for each tablet and compress it.

Preparation of 1% w/v HPMC Solution:

Take 1gm of HPMC powder and 100ml distilled water and mix 1gm of HPMC powder in 100ml distilled water and stir continuously until to form a jelly like appearance.

Preparation of Hibiscus Mucilage:

Fresh leaves of Hibiscus were collected, washed and dried. Then powdered leaves were dipped in water for 24 hours. Now, boil for 30 minutes and allow the same to cool for 1 hour to release mucilage completely in water. Filter the resulting solution through muslin cloth to separate marc and filtrate. To the filtrate, add acetone of thrice the more quantity of volume of filtrate to precipitate the mucilage. Keep for 5- 10 minutes to allow precipitation. Then, separate the mucilage and dry in oven at temperature below.

50C. After then, the dried powder of mucilage is formed.Pass it through sieve no. 80.

Then, store and use for tablet preparation.

Formulation Tables:

a) For Conventional tablets:

Table 1: Formulation Table for Conventional Tablets:

Sr. No.	Ingredient	Quantity	Uses
1	Nyctanthes arbor- tristis	250mg	Anti- Rheumatoid Arthritis
2	Methyl Cellulose	180mg	Disintegrant
3	Magnesium Stearate	10mg	Lubricant
4	Talc	50mg	Lubricant
5	Lactose	50mg	Diluent
6	HPMC	1% w/v	Binder

b) For Tablets containing Banana Disintegrant:

Table 2: Formulation Table containing Banana Disintegrant:

Sr. No.	Ingredient	Quantity	Uses
1.	Nyctanthes arbor- tristis	250mg	Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.	Banana powder	15mg	Disintegrant
3.	Liquorice	50mg	Sweetener
4.	Magnesium Stearate	10mg	Lubricant
5.	Talc	50mg	Lubricant
6.	Sodium alginate	100mg	Stabilizer
7.	HPMC	1% w/v	Binder

c) For Tablets containing Hibiscus Mucilage:

Table 3: Formulation Tablet containing Hibiscus Mucilage Disintegrant:

Sr. No.	Ingredient	Quantity	Uses
1	Nyctanthes arbor- tristis	250mg	Anti-Rheumatoid Arthritis
2	Hibiscus mucilage	q.s,	Disintegrant
3	Liquorice	50mg	Sweetener
4	Magnesium Stearate	10mg	Lubricant
5	Talc	50mg	Lubricant
6	Sodium alginate	100mg	Stabilizer
7	HPMC	1% w/v	Binder

Evaluation Parameters:

A) Phytochemical Screening:

Table 4: Phytochemical screening of aqueous powder extract:

Test	Inference
Carbohydrates: Molisch’s Test	+ve
Glycosides: Legal’s Test	+ve
Tannin	+ve
Phenol	+ve
Alkaloids: Hager’s Test	+ve
Flavonoid	+ve
Saponin	+ve

Figure 1: Phytochemical Screening of aqueous powder extract

B) Quality Control Tests:

a) For Conventional tablets:

Table 5: Quality Control Tests for Conventional Tablets:

Test	Inferences
Colour	Olive Green
Diameter	12mm
Hardness	5.0kg/ cm³
Thickness	3mm
Weight Variation	Pass
Friability	Pass
Disintegration time	4min 18sec

b) For Tablets containing Banana Disintegrant:

Table 6: Quality Control Tests for Banana disintegrant Tablets:

Test	Inference
Colour	Olive Green
Diameter	10mm
Hardness	4.8kg/cm³
Thickness	5mm
Weight Variation	Pass
Friability	Pass
Disintegration Time	25sec

c) For Tablets containing Hibiscus Mucilage:

Table 7: Quality Control Tests for Hibiscus Mucilage Disintegrant Tablets:

Test	Inference
Colour	Olive Green
Diameter	10mm
Hardness	4.7kg/cm³
Thickness	5mm
Weight Variation	Pass
Friability	Pass
Disintegration Time	38sec

C) Evaluation of Powder and Granules:

Table 8: Evaluation Table of Powder and Granules:

Test	Powder	Granules
Bulk Density	0.04 g/ml	0.397 g/ml
Tap Density	0.58 g/ml	0.454 g/ml
Angle of Repose	38.22^•	27.33^•
Compressibility Ratio	31.03%	12.6%
Hausner’s Ratio	1.45	1.14

SUMMARY:

The present study entitled the “Formulation and Evaluation of Parijat Herbal Tablets using Natural Disintegrants” focuses of plant which is available throughout India and traditionally used in treatment of various ailments. The known potential pharmacological activities of the leaves of Night Jasmine are anti- Rheumatoid, anti-Inflammatory, anti-Pyretic, anti- Malarial, anti-Bacterial, etc. due to its rich content.

The summary of all the chapters deal with information regarding phytochemical evaluation, formulation and evaluation of herbal tablets using Night Jasmine leaves and natural disintegrants, Banana and Hibiscus.

Phytochemical evaluation deals with preliminary phytochemical screening reveals presence of Carbohydrate, Glycosides, Tannin, Phenol, Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Saponin.

Formulation and Evaluation of herbal tablets deals with preparation of conventional tablets, tablets using Banana disintegrant and tablets using Hibiscus disintegrant and comparing the natural disintegrants with conventional tablets by comparing Disintegration Time.

CONCLUSION:

Herbal Tablets using Banana and Hibiscus disintegrants were prepared and compared with conventional tablet by comparing Disintegration Time.

The Disintegration time of Tablets using Banana as a disintegrant was found to be 25 seconds while for Hibisus as a disintegrant, it was 38 seconds as compared to conventional tablets with highest disintegration time of 4 minutes 18 seconds.

FUTURE PROSPECTS:

Formulating herbal tablets using disintegrants can enhance their dissolution and bioavailability. Parijat herbal tablets could offer various health benefits. To assess future prospects, consider optimizing disintegrant types and concentrations for better tablet disintegration, and conduct comprehensive evaluations for efficacy, safety, and regulatory compliance. Additionally, exploring innovative delivery systems like nanotechnology could unlock new possibilities for herbal tablet formulations.

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Received on 18.05.2024 Revised on 09.12.2024

Accepted on 10.03.2025 Published on 10.05.2025

Available online from May 14, 2025

Res. J. Pharmacognosy and Phytochem. 2025; 17(2):91-94.

DOI: 10.52711/0975-4385.2025.00015

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